Investor's Playbook

    Vacation rental ROI,measured properly.

    The single biggest mistake new STR investors make in Destin is assuming gross revenue is the return. It is not. This guide walks through the formulas an actual underwriter uses, with real numbers from a $850K Miramar Beach condo as the worked example.

    Metric 01

    Gross Rental Revenue (GRR)

    Start with realistic occupancy and ADR (average daily rate). Pull both from AirDNA for your specific zip and bedroom count. Do not use the listing agent's "potential."

    GRR = ADR × Occupied Nights
    Example: $385 × 195 nights = $75,075
    Metric 02

    Net Operating Income (NOI)

    NOI strips out operating expenses but excludes mortgage debt service. This is your true property-level return before financing.

    NOI = GRR − (HOA + Taxes + Insurance + Mgmt + Cleaning + Utilities + Reserves)
    Miramar Beach example:
    $75,075 − ($8,400 + $4,200 + $4,800 + $15,015 + $5,200 + $3,600 + $3,750)
    = $30,110 NOI
    Metric 03

    Cap Rate

    Cap rate normalizes return against purchase price. Useful for comparing across properties at different price points. In Destin, expect 3.5-5.5% on quality STR product.

    Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Purchase Price
    $30,110 ÷ $850,000 = 3.54%
    Metric 04

    Cash-on-Cash Return

    The metric that matters most to leveraged investors. Measures cash returned annually as a percentage of cash actually deployed (down payment + closing + furnishing).

    CoC = (NOI − Annual Debt Service) ÷ Total Cash Invested
    25% down on $850K = $212,500 + $20K closing + $40K furnishing = $272,500
    Debt service on $637.5K @ 7.25%, 30yr = ~$52,200/yr
    ($30,110 − $52,200) ÷ $272,500 = −8.1% CoC

    This is why most "great deals" in Destin are not great deals. At today's rates, you need either significant cash down, sub-market acquisition, or above-comp ADR to break even on cash flow. Appreciation alone is a hope, not a strategy.

    Metric 05

    Break-Even Occupancy

    How full does the property need to stay to cover all costs? If your break-even occupancy exceeds the market's actual occupancy, the deal does not work.

    Break-Even % = (Total Annual Costs ÷ ADR) ÷ 365
    Miramar Beach example: ($94,180 ÷ $385) ÷ 365 = 67%

    Destin market occupancy averages 53-62%. A 67% break-even on this deal is a red flag.

    How I underwrite for clients

    When you bring me a property, you receive a one-page proforma with all five metrics above, plus:

    • 5-year cash flow projection with conservative ADR growth (3%) and expense growth (4%)
    • IRR including projected sale at year 5 with 4% appreciation assumption
    • Sensitivity analysis: what happens at 45% occupancy, 55%, 65%
    • Comparable AirDNA data with link to source
    • Insurance quote from a Florida-licensed broker (this matters more every year)

    Want this proforma on a propertyyou are considering?

    Send the address. You will get the full underwriting model back within 48 hours.